گاهی اوقات نیاز داریم که درباره گذشته فکر کنیم یا نتیجه گیری کنیم. گرامر مخصوص این کار رو به انگلیسی بلدید؟

Can you use modals of deduction correctly? We use them when we want to form a conclusion about the past. Depending on how sure we are, we use different modals such as can’t have + pp or might have + pp or must have + pp.

B1 students will find this video useful.

«تو این ویدیو کلمات و عبارات زیر رو نیز یاد می گیریم. »

non-smoker: A non-smoker never smokes
occasional smoker: Someone who smokes from time to time
chain smoker: Someone who smokes a lot

«متن ویدیو را با هم مرور میکنیم»

The party is over but there is a pack of cigarettes left. Whose can it be? Let’s find out together. This is Mina. She is a non-smoker. She can’t have left the pack. This is Sina. He is an occasional smoker. He might have left the pack. And this is Meisam. Unfortunately, he is a chain smoker. He seems to be looking for his cigarettes. He must have left the pack.